I submitted a few crash reports about this, but they were all sent before I understood what was really happening.
While I was testing a new message theme, I was working on the header file. What I eventually figured out was that if I left "Show header" checked and then quit Adium, Adium would crash after I re-launched and hit command-comma to call up the preferences (which would automatically bring up Messages, or at least try). Since this did not happen with other themes (Terminal being one), I suspect it has to do with my header markup. It is:
<ul id="headerinfo">
<li>Chat session: %chatName%</li>
<li>Initiated by: %sourceName%</li>
<li>Recipient: %destinationName%</li>
<li>Started: <abbr title="%timeOpened{%Y%m%d%H%M%S%FZ%z}%">%timeOpened%</abbr></li>
</ul>
Obviously, I can't be sure that the actual markup is at fault, but as I say, not every theme crashes with "Show header" pre-checked so it seems like this would be the problem. I can supply the theme if needed; just let me know.
Despite this being a crasher, I left the priority and severity at their defaults because I don't know the protocols around here. I'll leave those to whoever takes the bug.